What is retraumatisation?

Retraumatisation occurs when a person is exposed to a situation, environment, or interaction that triggers memories or feelings of a past trauma. This makes them relive the emotional, mental or physical pain associated with the original traumatic event. It can happen intentionally or unintentionally, and it can affect people who have experienced trauma in various forms. This spans abuse, violence, accidents or loss.

What are the triggers of retraumatisation?

Certain words, sounds, smells, or situations reminiscent of the original trauma can cause retraumatisation. A person who experienced a car accident might feel retraumatised by hearing screeching tyres or even from passing by an accident. Insensitive questioning in a legal or medical setting can also trigger retraumatisation, especially when someone feels powerless.

According to Self, about six per cent of people in the USA eventually develop PTSD, which can have so many distressing symptoms, like intrusive thoughts, sleep disturbances and constantly assessing potential threats in the environment.

When can retraumatisation happen?

If professionals fail to use trauma-informed approaches, such as not respecting boundaries or forcing someone to recall traumatic events prematurely, the person can experience retraumatisation. Being exposed to comments about trauma can also trigger retraumatisation. Even seeing graphic depictions of violence, abuse, or trauma can re-trigger those with past trauma.

A healthcare team can complete trauma informed practice training to ensure they provide care that prioritises safety and understanding for individuals with past trauma. Management can put training in place and they can visit Tidal Training or another reputable training provider for further information.

What symptoms are present?

Retraumatisation often leads to symptoms similar to the original trauma, such as anxiety, depression, dissociation, flashbacks or panic attacks. Physically, it may involve tension, a rapid heartbeat or difficulty breathing. These can be frightening and intense for the sufferer.

How can retraumatisation be prevented?

Professionals and caregivers should be sensitive to the needs of trauma survivors by creating safe and supportive environments. Survivors and their families can work to identify and minimise exposure to potential triggers. Treating survivors with respect and understanding their boundaries can help prevent retraumatisation.